The Cuban Missile Crisis And Its Impact On American History

One of the scarcest events in American history happened during the month of October 1962. The world was about to enter a new phase of world warfare, using nuclear weapons to destroy the oppositions. This event affected everyone in the world, it was the possibility of nuclear death. It affected American citizens like my uncle, Walter Neal Woodruff. He was a solider working in the Administrate branch of the Army, stationed at Fort Huachuca, Arizona on call during this moment in American history. This event was called the Cuban Missile Crisis and it was the closest the world had ever been to WW3. Looking back on history now, knowing the crisis was resolved, it would have never been possible without President Kennedy’s nationally televised speech on October 22, 1962. The presidential speech was a key moment in ending the Cuban Missile Crisis and leading to actions taken by both, Soviet and American government to de-escalate tensions of the Cold War. Now, around 1959 my uncle Walter Neal woodruff was a clerk in the pentagon, soon to meet the love of his wife larreta †¦. With a classifies clearance he tanfered document office to office. He was fully aware of the communist threat from chatter a the â€Å"wateringhole† and wrok in the office. But was he ready to be draft as a consequence of the bay of pig and vienis meeting with Khrushchev? That would be no. in 1961 he was soon to be married and wanted to start a family. This was not in the plan, as it wasn’t in the plan for many otherShow MoreRelatedThe Significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis Essay1686 Words   |  7 Pagesspeaking about the Cuban Missile Crisis, President Kennedy said, It is insane that two men, sitting on opposite sides of the world, should be able to decide to bring an end to civilization† (â€Å"Nuclear Test Ban Treaty† 1). the Cuban Missile Crisis was a time where these two men, Kennedy and Khrushchev, had the power in their h ands to end civilization. In order to understand the importance of the Cuban Missile Crisis one must understand, the Cold war drama; the dangerous crisis; and its importanceRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis The World On The Edge Of Its Seat1315 Words   |  6 PagesRusk). The Cuban Missile Crisis put the world on the edge of its seat, and was the closest humanity has ever gotten to full-scale nuclear war. Even though the event lasted a mere two weeks (from October 14-24, 1962), it played a significant role in international politics, and its effects can still be seen today. The Cuban Missile Crisis is significant to current international relations because it proved the importance of the need for information, and the importance of taking risks. The history of theRead MoreThe Cold War and US Diplomacy1296 Words   |  5 Pagesinternational relations was the Cuban Missile Crisis; it was during this occasion that Kennedy had to use strategic and rock solid diplomatic techniques. The Cuban Missile Crisis This incident began in the fall of 1962; a U.S. spy plane had photographed nuclear missile sites being created by the Soviet Union on Cuba (jfklibrary.org). Kennedy was well aware that strategically, it was best if neither the Soviet Union nor Cuba found out that America had intelligence on these missiles; rather Kennedy and hisRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis : The Cold War1323 Words   |  6 Pagesbattle, there were parts caused by it such as the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Cuban Missile Crisis, all of which resulted in deaths. The Cuban Missile Crisis was a major factor in the Cold War and possibly the most memorable in relation to the Cold War. The outline of the Cuban Missile Crisis is as follows. It begins when the United States catches the Soviet Union attempting to slip â€Å"nuclear-tipped missiles† into Cuba. President Kennedy wasn’t too fond of the Soviet Union’s decision consideringRead MoreCuban Missile Crisis : The End Of The World1647 Words   |  7 PagesTo most people, the Cuban missile crisis seemed like the start of an inevitable worldwide nuclear war. 1962 seemed like it was the end of the world for some, but somehow the United States was able to avoid a crisis evade an all out nuclear war with the U.S.S.R. The Cuban missile crisis can not be however, look at just in that timeframe. There are events including the Cuban Revolution that lead up to the United States losing their ties with Cuba. The Bay of Pigs invasion was an unsuccessful attemptRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis Of 19621502 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 reflects possibly the most precarious mo ment in nuclear history. For the first time, the world’s two nuclear super powers, the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, were poised to destroy each other in a war of unprecedented proportion. On the brink of what may have escalated into a nuclear war, the leaders of two nations showed courageous restraint and diplomacy to avoid an exchange of brute force and unimaginable desolation. The situation wasRead MoreThe Presidential Issues of the Sixties and Seventies778 Words   |  3 PagesThe sixties and seventies were a major time in American history when many things were taking place that would set a standard for years to come. It was a time for rebellion, counterculture, and certain freedoms that only Americans have, a time when many people became angry about politics, the government, and a time when there was either too much or not enough liberalism. It was also a time of war, a time when certain crises became major factors in American culture and pe ople wanted to absolve the violenceRead MoreThis Historical Study Will Define The Dual Hostility Of1836 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Soviet Union and the United States in the instigation and resolution of the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. The nuclear arms race of the early 1960s defined a period of history in which a stalemate occurred between superpowers. The United States and the Soviet Union were continually seeking to build larger nuclear arsenals and to also expand their territorial influence over lesser nations. The Cuban Missile Crisis defines also defines the minor role of Cuba that served to facilitate the expansionRead MoreThe Immense Threat of the Cuban Missile Crisis1116 Words   |  4 Pagesitself over the course of two weeks in October of 1962. The Cuban Missile Crisis, which is arguably the closest we have come to nuclear war in our history, was the result of five key entities and events. The five entities and events are the Manhattan Engineering District, Strategic Air Command, Mutually Assured Destruction, the missile gap, and the Bay of Pigs invasion. Without each of these individual components, the Cuban Missile Crisis would never have occurred or been the danger to the worldRead MoreWas the Cold War Truly a Cold War? Essay examples1492 Words   |  6 Pagesworld history. The sheer number of countries both directly and indirectly involved is enough to pose the question – To what extent was the Cold War a truly Global War? This essay will examine this idea. It will identify two main areas of argument, focusing on the earlier part of the conflict (1945-1963). Firstly it will examine the growing US and Soviet influence in the world post 1945. Secondly it will examine three main conflicts, the Berlin Blockade, the Korean War and the Cuban Missile Crisis

Summary Of Jealousy In Homers Odyssey - 856 Words

The Odyssey by Homer, is an epic poem that takes its readers on an adventure with the epic hero, Odysseus. It takes Odysseus ten years to return to his home, Ithaka, after the Trojan War. He faces many mystical monsters and the rage of the gods. A lot of problems that he faces come from the results of temptation. Giving into temptation leads to setbacks and consequences, just like how in The Odyssey the bag of wind, the cattle of Helios, and the sirens prevented Odysseus and his men from returning home. Homer wants his readers to know the outcomes that come with temptation by analyzing these three tragedies. Jealousy is a major factor of the urges that come from temptation. Odysseus’ men were driven by temptation to open the bag of what†¦show more content†¦On the island of Thrinakia, the men of Odysseus were persuaded and tempted by Eurylokhos to eat the cattle of Helios. Even after Odysseus warned them not to and they swore on an oath that they wouldnt their hunger drove and tempted them. Eurylokhos’ persuasive speech urged the men to eat the meat when he said, â€Å"‘Comrades,’ he said, ‘You’ve gone through everything; listen to what I have to say. All deaths are hateful to us, mortal wretches, but famine is the most pitiful, the worst end that a man can come to. Will you fight it? Come, we’ll cut out the noblest of these cattle for sacrifice to the gods who own the sky; and once at home, in the old country of Ithaka, if ever that day comes- we’ll build a costly temple and adorn it with every beauty for the Lord of Noon’† (page 221, lines 437-448). He almost shames the men into eating the meat when he tells them that if their hunger killed them it would be an ignominy of a death. That being said, the temptation led them into eating the meat and, as a consequence, Odysseus men were sucked into the whirlpool of Charybdis. This is yet another example of how temptation leads to setbac ks and consequences, just like the Sirens tried luring Odysseus in to kill him. Persuasive people often tempt people into giving into their urges, which encourages their longing for something. Emotions and feelings are very tempting to give into. The Sirens are beautiful women who lure sailing men in by tempting them with this voice. They

School Law Class Free Essays

The office of a school superintendent, must work hand in hand with other associations and other principals in order to develop good system for the evaluation of the teacher and the principal. This will also include the measures put in place for the growth of the students. There should be a common agreement of a good definition of an effective teacher, an effective principal as well as the way a student growth shall be measured in the whole country. We will write a custom essay sample on School Law Class or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Dimmock and Donoghue, 1997). Moreover, a good amount of the teacher and the principal evaluation systems must include how the students’ academic growth will be measured. To close the gap which is available in the achievement, it would be appropriate to ensure that the teachers and the principals are the first to support so that they can address the needs of the students in the classrooms and in various schools. This should be then evaluated and the teachers held responsible for the academic growth of every student. To ensure that the process of negotiations between the school board, the school employees and the superintendents of the schools runs smoothly the superintendents have to work closely with the teachers unions. The unions are known to be most powerful yet the least considered when negotiating the public education issues in the current world. Despite the attention of the public focusing mainly on the influence the national unions have, policies that affect most schools and the teachers are negotiated by the local unions and the school boards. The local union leaders however focus the balance between the competing interests as well as the obligations. This is mainly based on the concern and the priorities of their members in the union to the state pressures as well as the affiliates at the national level. These union leaders confirm the agenda of the union and in addition, they advocate for the expanded agenda of the teachers’ profession. They also advocate for communal bargaining and management of the contract. (Dimmock and Donoghue, 1997). Many schools are facing the problem of failed school bond issues. This is mainly in the mid-sized rural schools districts. This leads to the organization of the school to hold school bond elections. The strategic plans of the schools mirror many of the recommendations for successful bond referendums. This leads to the illustration of why many schools pass the bond issues with a unique support from the community. However, findings from one school cannot match with the concerns that are available in all the communities. (Dimmock and Donoghue, 1997). If the funding is not secured, the leaders of the schools should be provided with voter input from the rural school districts. This will be a successful effort to overcome the problem of unsecured funding. The school demonstrates that it complies with Title IX through the continued efforts to add new sporting activities for women. The school also ensures that it has met the proportionality required by having a balance between the male and female students taking part in the sporting activities. This is in relation to the general population of the school. The school also ensures that nit has met the interests and the abilities of their female counter parts. To change the school compliance to the Title IX, a survey could be conducted that would help to measure the students’ interests and the abilities. (Dimmock and Donoghue, 1997). The steps taken to learn the parameters in a state would include acquiring a specialty like reading as it will provide the teacher with a competitive edge in the job. Also one has to be flexible in order to fix the needs of the students. The teacher should have a daily plan but should be flexible as much as possible in order to make adjustments where possible. Having a rigid plan may not be easy to be adapted in a diverse class. A balance should be maintained between the individual instruction and the whole class instruction. More to this, one should consider joining a professional association and also to obtain advanced credentials to understand the laws well. (Dimmock and Donoghue, 1997). The benefits and drawbacks of relying on digital communication to send information to board members, the community members and the school staff is that it enables effective communication to take place as one must have effective skills to express him not only in the paper and the pen but also through other means such as audio and video. It is also possible to analyze data as one chooses the data that is available on the web based format as well as in other electronic formats. However this may be challenging when it comes to problem solving as the people have to know how they can apply what they know and what they can to new situations in the on line communication. There are many risks in the use of digital communication that may affect the quality of communication in the 21st century. These are mainly based on the security and safety of the communication. Dimmock and Donoghue, 1997). The teachers have to be active in providing the students with protection against contagious infections. This could be achieved by providing a safe environment. The teachers therefore have to be concerned about the safety and health of their students. These includes bullying whereby some students especially those with disabilities will be targeted by others. (Dimmock and Donoghue, 1997). This may be in form of aggression, abuses, use of threats or psychological abuse. In addition, the students have to be protected against homophobia. Other protection may be in riding in the school buses, cyber cafe protection having video surveillance in the schools among others. The relationship between the schools and the local police and other departments is that each works independently and there is no cooperation in undertaking their functions in the community. Helping the students learn and improving the quality of education is one of the main priorities of many school districts. This can only be achieved by having an effective working relationship. (Dimmock and Donoghue, 1997). This mainly begins by having a clear commitment that will help to discover the community’s assets and capabilities. This relationship requires the cooperation of the schools with many sectors. This process involves public inquiry and the community members who participate in the inquiry increases the quality of beliefs, ideas and actions that develops. The school should ensure that it has a written and prevention and mitigation plan. This plan consists of the strategies to keep bad things from happening in the school and it clearly outlines how the impacts of the negative impacts that could not be avoided be minimized or mitigated. The school should also have preparedness plan to help the students and the teachers to respond to some forms of crisis. To ensure the safety of the students at security crisis, various measures could be put in place which includes raising adequate money for the management of the security department involves evaluating and updating the school safety plan as often as possible. The school staff should receive trainings regularly on how to ensure that the students are safe. The school should develop an efficient safety plan for the students and include a security consultant if necessary when designing the school safety plan. The school can also partner with the law enforcers to identify possible threats that could pose security concerns to the students. Therefore security hazard analysis would be vital. (Dimmock and Donoghue, 1997). How to cite School Law Class, Essays

Origanum Vulgare Essay Example For Students

Origanum Vulgare Essay Origanum VulgareThe culinary herb oregano is mostly used in foods. Oregano also known as the pizza herb is used in a number of Italian dishes as it goes especially well with tomatoes. All the flavors of oregano are prominent in Italian cooking and in robust dishes of certain other cuisine, such as Mexicans chili con carne. Italians call oregano the mushroom herb but use it with many other foods as well. The Spanish word oregano means marjoram. Oregano is also known as marjoram in northern and central Europe. In Greek, Oregano means Joy of the Mountains from where it is gathered. Before modern day medicines were invented for stomachaches, oregano was used for minor food poisonings and convulsions. Externally, oregano was used on skin irritations to cease the itch. The French included it in soaps and pomades. The Greeks crowned newlyweds with oregano and planted it on graves as well as using the herb medically. Oreganos German name, wurstkraut, reveals its use of seasoning sausages. Th e English used oregano for perfumes, washing waters, and used it for dyes to turn wool purple and linen reddish brown. In good health and quality, oregano should have good color, even sized leaf pieces and a fresh aromatic aroma. The leaves of oregano are very aromatic, slightly pointed and hairy. The flowers are white, and bloom from late July to September. Oregano grows to be 2 feet tall, and rich, moist soil makes the aroma and flavor of oregano weak. Oregano has been used for many other things in the past, and has been very helpful and constructive to humans. It has been essential in cooking and an important ingredient in types of medications. Oregano may be a small herb, but it is a significant herb and is used all around the world, in many different ways

The Situation at Segal Electric and Demings 14 Points

Comment on the Case at Segal Electric The case that happened at Segal Electric deserves too much attention and examination. Of course, the events cannot be changed, and the losses turn out to be rather considerable for the company. But still, this situation may help to prevent possible troubles in future and improve the organization of work somehow. The situation was the following: Pete, the general manager of Segal Electric, had to visit a quality seminar and entrusted the control the work of the team to Gene Davis.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on The Situation at Segal Electric and Deming’s 14 Points specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, in the result, the team faced certain troubles with 5051 fans, and a terrible â€Å"mix-up in the plant† took place. The general manager tried to clear up the situation, talk to George Mansfield, and find out who was guilty and what could be done in order no t to repeat the same situation in the future. The point is that not only one person tried to solve the problem that happened to the fans and the absence of professional assemblers. There was another person, who decided to be involved into that process, Sharon Morse. It is necessary to admit that George Mansfield has always one and the same thought in his head â€Å"if operations were running as they should, the company wouldn’t have to worry about warranty costs because there wouldn’t be any.† (Leonard, 1998) Such confidence has to be proved by some actions or, at least, words, and, in this case, the actions cannot be noticed. First of all, it is always necessary to have a certain number of extra assemblers in order to be ready for some emergencies. When the general manager was absent, some specs were just forgotten, that lead to the already known problems. This is why poor readiness for work is one of the first mistakes, made by all the members of the work team . Another mistake that deserves attention is inability to solve problems, when they appear, and weight all pros and cons at the same time. Gene Davis had to analyze the situation and tried to predict the results, when lots of thrust washers were load up on the shaft. The last but not the least mistake that has to be mentioned is loyal behavior of the workers. In the story, it was mentioned that people at the plant tried to be rather loyal to Sharon. In order to help her somehow and make quotas, the workers could â€Å"patch up rejected products and rush them onto the shipping dock.† (Leonard, 1998) Such information is spread among the workers and may even badly influence the further position at this job. However, it is not the main point. George Mansfield, with all his respect and a bit of annoyance to Sharon, tried to clear up the details of the case. And one of the major reasons of that accident still remains the absence of professional assemblers. If I were hired as anothe r management consultant to Segal Electric, the firth thing I would like to do is testing the workers and checking their abilities to cope with emergencies. It is quite possible that the skills of the workers need to be improved, and it is crucially important to find the time and make the necessary improvements.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In order to achieve high results, it is necessary to start inside of the company. To my mind, this step should help to avoid the situation, described above. One more idea that comes to my mind is the necessity of strict division of the workers according to their duties. If one person should control the situation, he/she has the only right to make the final decisions and be responsible for them. Comment on Deming’s 14 Points William Edwards Deming was one of the most famous American statisticians and consultants, who emphasized that management is the only thing that may improve the quality. â€Å"In Dr. Deming’s 14 points, quality is the driving force at which all is focused.† (Blache, 1988) Deming presents 14 major principles in order to manage the effectiveness in transforming business. He articulates that the vast majority of problems appeared because of the mistakes in the system itself, but not in employees. To my mind, the idea to â€Å"institute training on the job† may be considered as one of the most significant points offered by Deming. (Manuele, 2003) With the help of training at working places, employees get a wonderful opportunity to improve their skills and their work in general. Driving out fear is another significant factor for effective work. Workers should not be afraid to go for their works day by day. Only in such case, the results of the company will hardly frustrate. Self-improvement is one more factor that, to my mind, plays a very important role. Training is goo d indeed, but if the workers want to learn something, they should have such an opportunity, and the system, where they work, should provide them with it. If all above-mentioned points could be applied at all companies, the accidents, like the one that happened at Segal Electric, would never disturb people. Works Cited Blache, Klaus, M. Success Factors for Implementing Change: A Manufacturing Viewpoint. SME, 1988. Leonard, Frank. The Case of the Quality Crusader. Harvard Business School Reprint, 1988. Manuele, Fred, A. On the Practice of Safety. Wiley-IEEE, 2003.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on The Situation at Segal Electric and Deming’s 14 Points specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This article on The Situation at Segal Electric and Deming’s 14 Points was written and submitted by user Kaeden S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

police brutality essays

police brutality essays Police brutality is a problem in our country today. There are many instances where the police have gone too far in dealing with criminals. There are many things that people are doing to stop police brutality. More and more bad cops are being caught in their wrong doings. There are many cases that go unseen. The police are good at keeping things quiet. They have a code of honor that says that police do not tell on each other. The Johnny Gammage case was a recent case in the news. One of the only reasons that this case made the news is because Gammage is the cousin of Pittsburgh Steeler Ray Seals. The outcome of this case angered many people. On October twelfth, 1995, Johnny Gammage the 31-year-old black male was pulled over. Gammage committed no crime. After an altercation with the police he was brutally beaten. Over the course of seven minutes he was beaten and suffocated by five police officers. An autopsy showed that Gammage was suffocated by pressure applied to his neck and chest when the officers were trying to restrain him. On November third, 1995 a six-member coroner's jury recommended that criminal homicide charges be filed against the police officers. District Attorney Bob Colville said that he would only charge three out of the five officers involved in the beating. He charged Lt. Milton Mulholland and Patrolman John Vojtas with 3rd degree murder, official oppression, and involuntary manslaughter. He charged Patrolman Michael G. Albert with involuntary manslaughter. Allegheny county judge James R. McGregor ordered the three officers to stand trial for the misdemeanor charge of involuntary manslaughter. This is the lowest form of homicide. He dropped the third degree murder and official oppression charges against Mulholland and Vojtas. During the trial a witness said that he witnessed a fight that lead to Gammage's death. He contradicted the story told by the police and said t...

Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Biology - Essay Example All living things are composed of one (unicellular) or more (multicellular) cells. All the cells gather energy and utilize energy for growth, reproduction, repairing processes etc. Many different types of cells perform different jobs and together co-ordinate and keep living beings alive. Unicellular (one celled) organisms are bacteria and paramecium, while fungi, plants and animals are multicellular (many cells). The living things are classified into prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Bacterial cells are prokaryotes with simple structure without complex organelle system. Figure 1.A (1) shows prokaryotic cell structure of unicellular bacteria and Figure 1. B shows many bacterial cells. Bacteria are the smallest organism on our planet. Plant cells (Figure 2) (2) form plants. Animal cells (Figure 3) (3) form animals. The plants and animal cells are eukaryotes having larger size than eukaryotes and have complex organelle system. Cells put together form tissues. Tissues form organs. The organs put together form organ system. The organ systems put together make plants and animals. The organelle nucleus in the eukaryotic cell accommodates deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) which is a blueprint of our life. The DNA houses the intelligence needed to determine the characteristic shape (structure) and job (function) of all living creatures. We get this DNA from our parents which decides our physical make up, our intelligence, and it reflects our personality. DNA of a cell decides the characteristic role of that cell it has to play in our body. This double helix DNA is like a spiral staircase. DNA can be extracted from any living things and can be seen in a test tube with naked eye in the form of long ropy strings. This DNA is made up of four nucleotides A, T, C and G (Figure 4) (4). The various permutations and combinations of these nucleotides differentiate each living being. It decides who and how we should be. The human beings

Explain what the current situation is, what problems are in evidence Essay

Explain what the current situation is, what problems are in evidence and how those problems should be addressed - Essay Example There are different inventory models and policies for single supplier and multiple suppliers and allied benefits as well as drawbacks for each of them which would be evaluated in the report. Certain recommendations related to purchasing and inventory functions would also be rendered so that the existing difficulties can be alleviated by a considerable extent. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 Conclusion 13 References 14 Introduction Inventory is defined as the stock of materials or any other item that is being used by an organisation. It is further defined as the idle resource of any kind that has a considerable economic value. It has been observed that inventories are supervised in order to meet the future demands of the process of production. The term ‘inventory management’ is regarded as the process of maintaining the finished goods, and the semi-finished raw materials of companies or any other business. It has been learnt that efficiently managed i nventory would result in an increase in the revenue by cutting down the cost of the company. The process of inventory management commences as soon as the company starts its production and orders the required raw materials for the same. In case of a retailer, the process commences as soon as it places an order to the wholesaler. ... faces certain difficulties in purchasing and managing inventories for the parts and materials of diverse brands for providing services to the customers. The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the company is concerned about the future requirements of vehicles parts and materials to meet the ever-increasing needs and demands of the customers. Based on the understanding of the case study, the report intends to illustrate the differences in inventory policies when there are multiple suppliers involved. The report would further discuss about the weaknesses in the current inventory management practices of Lancaster Motor Group and recommend appropriate measures to tackle the difficulties particularly related to purchasing and inventory function. Q.1. How Might Purchasing And Inventory Management Policies And Procedures Differ Because The Dealerships Purchase Different Types Of Service Parts And Materials (E.G. Lubricants Versus Genuine Parts) From Different Types Of Suppliers? Galena Markovi c was quite concerned about the future prospect of the company. She did not want the company to face the problem that other companies are facing with regard to managing the purchase of varied parts of automobiles in future. As it has been noticed that the company had a good reputation in terms of the deliverance of services, she became more concerned about its operations. For these reasons, she began thinking regarding supply chain and inventory management to resolve a bit of her concerns and pressures. However, as she is selling the product of four companies, she would have to buy the parts from various suppliers (i.e. multiple suppliers). In this regard, she would need to follow inventory policies different from that of the usual inventory management policy of single supplier. When a

International Competitiveness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International Competitiveness - Essay Example The richest countries will become even richer, and the poorest countries will become much poorer. The only solution is fair trade that takes into account cooperation and competition at the same time. The rich countries should cooperate with the poor countries so they can adapt themselves to an ethical globalisation process not only in the economic sense but also in all the dimensions of global integration. Globalisation is here to stay. The worldwide integration is possible thanks to the technological and scientific advances of human kind. Anup Shah makes the following assertion about the current state of globalisation: "The world is becoming more globalized, there is no doubt about that. While that sounds promising, the current form of globalization, neoliberalism, free trade and open markets are coming under much criticism. The interests of powerful nations and corporations are shaping the terms of world trade." (Shah, 2007). In this global scenario, developing countries should be protected against the greedy interests of the developed countries. Shah states the following remarks that should be taken into account by all interested parties: "Margaret Thatcher's slogan of "there is no alternative" rings sharply. ... Global Policy Forum (2007) recognises that the theory behind global economic integration sounds good for everybody, but at the same time everybody should be aware of its shortcomings: "Capitalist economic theory holds that a completely liberalized global market is the most efficient way to foster growth, because each country specializes in producing the goods and services in which it has a comparative advantage. Yet, in practice, cutting trade barriers and opening markets do not necessarily generate development. Rich countries and large corporations dominate the global marketplace and create very unequal relations of power and information. As a result, trade is inherently unequal and poor countries seldom experience rising well-being but increasing unemployment, poverty, and income inequality." (Global Policiy Forum, 2007). S. Matt (2005) points out 8 different positions in relation to the trade debate as follows: "Position 1. The neo-classical story: free trade on the basis of comparative advantage. () Position 2. Free trade but a. Strategic traders & Competitive advantage (). b. Yes to free trade, no to free financial markets. () Position 3. Anti-Free-Trade - traditional arguments. () Position 4. Fair Trade. () Position 5. Yes to trade - no to free trade; Exogenous development; Reform the WTO. () Position 6. Abolish the WTO; Endogenous development. () Position 7. Abolish the WTO; abolish capitalism. () Position 8. Localism - no to trade in general. ()" (Matt, 2005). Positions 4 and 5 should be taken into consideration with great emphasis as they represent solid positions that can help in the economic and human

Indonesia the problem of trans boundary haze

Indonesia the problem of trans boundary haze Introduction Sustainability of environment becomes an embedded eco-political concern of development strategy in todays globalized world. In spite of encouraging economic growth, Transboundary haze pollution (THP) is incurring a serious menace to environment in South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). Smoke haze resulted from land and forest fires frequently stemming from Indonesia, the largest country of this region, as a consequence of illegal logging, traditional agricultural actions and some adverse climate conditions like El Nino South Oscillation (ENSO) have imposed immense socio-economic and environmental costs for the whole region. Along with the constant threat of climate change and degradation of biodiversity, the direct measurable impacts comprise huge monetary loss especially for health damage, tourism losses, and industrial production losses. Singapore being the neighboring country of Indonesia also suffers a lot with the corollary. The people outcry always pressurizes the government to upho ld the countrys self-interest by mitigating the economic losses while inducing further stress to Indonesia. At the same time government also has to be diplomatic in its intra-regional approach of dealing with the issue. It is a difficult proposition and the question is how best Singapore can strategize its policy to extract best solution of this persisting hazard. Key Issue: From Singapores perspective, the THP is an outcome of environmental externality. Whole state of affairs is a bit complex since under the regional or bilateral framework, Singapore has very little to do to resolve the problem by itself. Sandler (1997) argues that haze free environment in ASEAN region is non-excludable and non-rivalrous aggregative type of public good whose total benefit is the totting up of individual efforts. Such an international public goods gives room for strategic actions by countries concerned that would result into sub-optimal outcomes. Sandler concludes that such strategic approach thus can create a Prisoners Dilemma if the costs offset the benefits. In this context, Lin and Rajan (2001) expressed their concern on failure of such multilateral solution due to conflicting preferences and priorities between countries for reducing these forms of pollution. Therefore, a bilateral approach towards ecological and eco-political strategic options rather than multilater al approach should be more effective for this THP. However, in terms of taking correct strategy, Singapore seems to be into a Prisoners Dilemma like situation, which is the key issue to be addressed for dealing with this long-lasting problem. Why this issue is the most important: ASEANs regional efforts to resolve THP has been facing stiff challenges due to lack of bindings and cooperation from all parties. Florano (2004-05) states that both 1995 ASEAN Cooperation Plan on Transboundary Pollution and RHAP of 1997 was ineffective due to its ASEAN ways emphasis on volunteerism. Jayachandaran (2005) refers that, Indonesia-the host of THP, has been so reluctant to implement the agreements due to its internal socio-political dynamics. Tan (2005) also argues that Indonesias mindset of non-ratification of ATHP has been disrupting effective regional cooperation from ASEAN countries in this issue. Tacconi et.al.,(2008), in addition to these, points on the lacking of international monitoring, compliance and inspection in ATHP. At such a dismal situation, Singapore irrespective of other affected countries has to decide its own strategies based on overall pay-off while coming out the disastrous situation with time. Solutions: Option-1. Induce more pressure on Indonesia: There is a group of analyst who think that impose bi-lateral pressure on Indonesia to act positively towards the problem. This is more a political approach. They argue for constant raising of this issue during bilateral meetings with Indonesian counterparts, which would work while reminding them about the adverse effect of this inaction would impact the bilateral relations. In fact, this is also supported by some evidences in recent past. Former foreign ministry official of Singapore Gerald Giam states that, Recommended Policy Actions: a. Trade barriers: Singapore has huge formal and informal cross-border trade with Indonesia. In fact, Indonesia is Singapores 4th largest trading partner in 2009 with total trade amounting to S$58.5 billion, up from S$75.1 billion in 2008 (source: IE Singapores StatLink, 2010). Singapore imports palm oil and rubber from Indonesia, while Indonesia hugely depends on Singapore for many manufacturing, electronics goods and services. Figure shows a significant trade advantage (measured in net export) in favor of Singapore. There are also many Singapore-based MNC in Indonesia. So any sorts of trade barrier could create some pressure on Indonesia at this moment. Singapore-Indonesia bilateral trade (S$ Thousands):Â   Singapores Data 2008 2009 Imports 24,827,467 20,659,212 Exports 50,299,127 37,857,815 Total Trade 75,126,594 58,517,027 Source: IE Singapores StatLink b. Squeeze Other Development Projects: Singapore supports Indonesia to establish most competitive industrial zone at Batam, Bintan and Karimun free trade zone (BBK-FTZ)where they can develop electronic, shipbuilding and network storage and server industry which would bring huge economic boost for those region of Indonesia. So reducing the scale of investment or technological support would extend the pressure over Indonesia. c. Regional organization against Indonesian imputes approach: For mounting the pressure on Indonesia, Singapore government can act to form a group of sufferer incorporating the other countries like Malaysia, Brunei or Thailand and place their issue to International court for Environmental disputes. Malaysia already has taken necessary preparation to do that. This would be very unfortunate for this regional integrity, however, suffering countries the suffering countries could but think about that. Analysis of outcomes: Reacting towards the public outcry, Singapore government may have to go for such kind of compulsive policy as long as it works for a while. They can expect timely and effective actions taken by Indonesian government for rebuilding investors confidence in Indonesia, Indonesias international eminence and ASEANs integrity would not be affected. However, in the longer run, this pressurize policy would result instability in regional unity and integration. The concept and objective of ASEAN would be hampered as well. On the other hand, this policy would not be able to bring any instant solution to the problem. Option- 2. Intensify Cooperation to Indonesia with region-specific bilateral projects against THP: In a prisoners dilemma, the cooperation strategy often maximize the pay-off for both the parties. Though the THP is the externality resulted from Indonesia, but to get some positive implication of this problem, all concerned parties should effectively act and help each other in an integrated manner so that the degree of hazard comes down with time. After Sub-Regional Ministerial Steering Committee on Transboundary Haze Pollution (MSC) in November 2006, 35 fire-prone districts in 8 provinces have been identified into Indonesias Plan of Actions for immediate consideration. Indonesia has invited ASEAN countries to work together to develop its capability to tackle land and forest fires in those fire-prone areas. Singapore already has responded positively to extend its cooperation to Indonesias State Ministry of Environment (KLH) to implement the plans for managing land and forest fires at Jambi Province. Recommended Policy Actions: a. Extend technical and financial supports: The US$1 million Jambi province project seems to be a success so far. Recent study reveals that the number of hot spots explored from forest fires has reduced by one-fifth in last few years. So following the experience of this success, Singapore can extend its cooperation with technology and finance for some other regions that directly cause problem to them. b.More support areas: Some proactive prevention monitoring and approach can be initiated with best possible art-of-states. These may include: Socialization Workshop for farmers on Sustainable Farming (i.e. Cultivating crops without resorting to burning) Developing the Capacity of the locals in understanding and interpreting the Satellite images and hotspot information Developing local land-use map Installing Geographical Information System to facilitate the monitoring of fire and haze and assess accordingly Developing air and weather monitoring stations Enhance fire fighting and suppression Capacities of local people. c. Better monitoring and Positive feedbacks: The outcome of the above collaboration projects should be monitored in regular basis and the success part should be broadcast to others so that it would give positive signs to other nations to come forward resolving the long-lasting problem. Analysis of the outcomes: Certainly these collaboration projects would result more financial cost for Singapore. However, welfare should be ascertaining with the implication of comparative advantage frameworks. In fact, factors should be deployed according to the comparative advantages each country has. For instance, Singapore could provide technical and financial support with expertise in managing the environmental pollution wide-spreading, while Indonesia would provide with some cheaper labor and other infrastructures. Singapore can extend its support to some region especially the Sumatra that creates more problems to it. Again, more technology transfer would also ensure more earnings and ultimately a quicker recovery of the dire situation. Choosing the Option: Considering the following three factors Environmental Sustainability Short run Cost-Long run benefit Marginal cost of combating (for both Indonesia and Singapore) I would like to suggest implementing option-2 [cooperation] for Singapore government to combat against the adverse effect of THP since it will ensure betterment of environmental sustainability in this region with some long-term aggregated benefits for all using the comparative advantages of minimized cost.

Ecstasy Abuse :: essays research papers fc

Ecstasy Abuse For many people the drug of choice would be marijuana, but in recent years that trend has been changing. The drug of choice for today’s young adults is MDMA or ecstasy. Unlike marijuana which has long term affects, ecstasy can kill a person with one hit. It is a very dangerous drug, and is spreading like wildfire in the United States. Most teenagers take the drug without knowing the side affects such as depression and brain damage (theantidrug.com). With more people trying the drug everyday, it is becoming harder for law enforcement to keep up with them. Law enforcement, parents and kids need to do something about this rising drug problem before it is too late. There are numerous solutions that can curb the use of this drug, and other solutions that can put the drug to good use.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ecstasy first became popular in European countries such as Belgium and the Netherlands. A large portion of the ecstasy that is sold in the U.S. comes from these two countries (www.dea.gov). Although efforts have been made to stop the flow of this drug to America, large amounts are still coming into the U.S. America needs to take stronger measures to stop this epidemic sweeping our nation. A measure that can be taken to stop this drug from spreading would be to form an international organization that would fight to keep ecstasy and other drugs off the streets. America would have to work together with countries such as Canada and Mexico. International control of this drug would benefit greatly, but local law enforcement could help stop this drug as well. The police can take part by educating kids about the harmful affects of ecstasy and how kids can say no to drugs. These measures and others can help America curb this drug in the years to come. But preventing the us e of this drug doesn’t stop at the law enforcement level, parents and kids can take part in stopping the use of this drug. According to the DARE program, the best way to keep kids from doing drugs is to monitor them (dare.com). Monitoring kids can allow parents to assure the safety of their child. Parents also have to know who their child’s friends are and what their plans are. If a child says they are going to a rave, there is a high possibility that they will try or will be offered ecstasy.